Extreme hydrometeorological events (EHE) negatively affect ecosystems, human settlements, food production, water resources, and public health worldwide. In southeastern South America (SESA), the frequency and intensity of temperature and precipitation extremes have increased over recent decades. SESA is particularly vulnerable to EHE due to its high population rates and an economy heavily reliant on agricultural activities; therefore, advancing towards a climate-resilient development is a key goal for the region. This study presents a multi-hazard analysis of EHE and their changes over SESA.
Our study assesses the frequency, duration, and intensity of short- and long-term EHE for the 1961-1990 and 1991-2020 periods. ERA5 precipitation, soil moisture, and temperature data at multiple time scales (from daily to monthly) are used, with a spatial resolution of 0.25°×0.25° latitude-longitude grid. Long-term EHE are studied using nonparametric standardized indices—specifically, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI)—at 3- and 18-month timescales to analyze agricultural and hydrological impacts. Short-term EHE are characterized by heavy precipitation, flash drou
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Global statistics/Rank data/fawiki
Rank
Username
Registration date
Number ship edits
1
Rezabot
20110128010103
4411268
2
Dexbot
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2361974
3
Fawikibot
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1505795
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MahdiBot
20120131081304
930043
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684985
6
HujiBot
20080817121026
671749
7
EmausBot
20100318192457
595432
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Amirobot
20080615214626
592884
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Fatemibot
20130720103911
577450
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InternetArchiveBot
20190520105740
506332
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JYBot
20120320231154
466041
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Xqbot
20090103182135
454554
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Modern Sciences
20150805225545
370919
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Fatranslator
20150708135641
365979
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Kasir
20090210182022
358519
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Jeeputer
20140615100216
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Darafsh
20080814024749
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18
Yamaha5Bot
20170103184734
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Jeeputer's Cat
20220824013854
188330
20
DarafshBot
20120129012453
187865
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Luckie Luke
20160528154744
186411
22
Tanhabot
20080329174209
186058
23
Tisfoon
20081102223919
177682
24
Elessar
20060427212937
176483
25
Jeepubot
20200515152654
175785
26
ماني
166450
27
Ebrambot
20100427224901
164527
28
Addbot
20130301155736
163921
29
MammothBot
20150220132219
163826
30
MerlIw
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Tramadol Punez Ingooneh Zaar Mizanam Sharif University of Technology, Mohammad Ali Taraghijah, angle, white png